Possibly, a greater decades otherwise education differences you are going to deteriorate the brand new wife’s position regarding relationship house
We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Desk 4 Connection anywhere between dowry/bride rates (paid of the from inside the-laws off siblings, anyone else regarding the community and area) and wife’s updates on the relationship family (OLS)
4.step 3 Conversation and robustness monitors
Within the determining the newest ladies updates throughout the marital house, the effect of websites dowry (dowry without bride to be speed) get matter. New quote process is repeated by substitution dowry and you may bride price with online dowry (Appendix Table 9, Committee A beneficial). Remember that the amount of deferred mehr is included individually off the net dowry given that previous has never been reduced unless of course divorce occurs and should not be considered assets introduced with the relationships. The outcomes recommend that new assets produced to the ount) improve their decision-making electricity and you may self-reliance. These types of confident connectivity aren’t alarming since the the new connections out of fiance rate paid off during the time of wedding work on stop in order to that from dowry in the primary estimations.
Together with many years difference and additionally studies distinction (replacing the newest partner’s decades and you will knowledge) will not affect the head effects, and coefficients of them variables aren’t extreme (Appendix Desk nine, Committee B).
One to you are going to believe Paraguayansk kvinder til Г¦gteskab how many decades since wedding are important because the outcome out of dowry (or fiance rate) could well be greater soon after marriage. As well as decades due to the fact ount out-of dowry (substitution female’s ages on relationship) magnifies the bottom effect of dowry within the ladies autonomy but minimizes their magnitude and the relevance level in ladies decision-making (Appendix Dining table 9, Panel C). This means one to more substantial dowry boosts the wife’s self-reliance inside the relationship home immediately after relationship; yet not, the fresh association isn’t notably affected by the brand new passing of many years since marriage.
Zero way of measuring gender ideology is roofed in the primary estimation because of endogeneity concerns. One you will believe introduction of these strategies will get weaken the fresh new relationship ranging from dowry and you will ladies condition from the relationship domestic. Although we dont refuse the possibility that tastes and ideological thinking regarding gender relationships are not intrinsic and change across the relationship lives, the new estimation processes was frequent by together with a few steps to own young buck preference: the original varying equals that if wife’s greatest quantity of sons was higher than regarding daughters and 2nd translates to one to in the event the spouse would like to bring advanced schooling in order to sons in the place of so you can daughters. Dealing with for gender ideology does not significantly impact the fundamental estimate efficiency (Appendix Table 9, Committee D). Surprisingly, ladies decision making was definitely of this son liking. Yet not, it is adversely regarding the liking having getting degree in order to sons than daughters. A possible interpretation would be the fact extremely knowledgeable women is against gender inequality inside the studies and start to become significantly more energized throughout the marital domestic but favor with much more sons than simply daughters. So it seems in line with specific existing education indicating you to son liking is more common certainly one of extremely educated feminine in place of ignorant female inside the South Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you may Preston 1991).